A biological microscope is used to observe and study biological sections, biological cells, bacteria and biological tissue cultures, fluid precipitation, etc. It can also observe other transparent or semi transparent objects, as well as powders, particles, and other objects.
The structure of a biological microscope
1, Refractive index and refractive index
Light propagates in a straight line between two points in a homogeneous isotropic medium. When passing through transparent objects with different densities of media, refraction occurs because the propagation speed of different media is different. When light that is not perpendicular to the transparent surface is incident from air onto transparent objects such as glass, the direction of the light changes in the middle plane, forming a normal and a refractive angle.
2, Folding lens performance
Lenses are the most basic optical components that make up the optical system of microscopes, and components such as objective lenses, eyepieces, and focusing lenses are all composed of a single or multiple lenses. According to its appearance, it can be roughly divided into two types: convex lens (positive lens) and concave lens (negative lens).
When light parallel to the optical axis crosses a point through a convex lens, that point is called the "focal point", and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis through the intersection point is called the "focal plane". There are two focal points, the focal point in the object space is called the "object focal point", and the focal plane there is called the "object focal point plane". Conversely, the focal point in the object space is called the "image focal point", and the focal plane there is called the "image focal point plane".
After passing through a concave lens, light becomes an upright virtual image, while a convex lens becomes an upright real image. The real image is displayed on the screen, but the virtual image is not displayed.
3, Five imaging laws of convex lenses
1. In the case where the object is located outside the focal length of the lens object by 2 times, an inverted real image is formed that is reduced outside the focal point within 2 times the focal length of the image square
2. When the object is located at a focal length of 2 times the lens object, the object forms an inverted real image of the same size at a focal length of 2 times the lens object
3. The object is located within 2 times the focal length of the lens object, forming an inverted real image of the object magnified beyond 2 times the focal length of the lens object when outside the focal point
4. When the object is at the focal point of the lens object, the image does not become the image
5. When an object is within the focal point of the lens object's orientation, the orientation of the object does not form an image, forming an upright virtual image where the same side of the lens object's orientation expands to a position further away from the object.
