Classification Of Biological Microscopes

1. Classify according to positioning level. It can be divided into student level, experimental level, and research level biological microscopes.
2. Classify according to the number of eyepieces. It can be divided into monocular, binocular, and tricular biological microscopes.
3. Classify according to the relative position of the eyepiece and mobile station. It can be divided into upright biological microscope and inverted biological microscope. The objective of an upright (conventional) biological microscope is located above the moving stage, while the objective of an inverted biological microscope is located below the moving stage.
4. Classify according to imaging principles. It can be divided into optical biological microscopes and electron biological microscopes.
The optical microscope mainly consists of an eyepiece, an objective, a stage, and a reflector (collector). Both eyepiece and objective lenses are convex lenses with different focal lengths. The focal length of the convex lens of the objective is smaller than that of the convex lens of the eyepiece. The objective lens is equivalent to the lens of a projector, through which an object forms an inverted and enlarged real image. The eyepiece is equivalent to a regular magnifying glass, and this real image is then transformed into an upright and enlarged virtual image through the eyepiece. Objects that reach the human eye through a microscope are inverted magnified virtual images.
Electron microscope is based on the principle of electron optics, using electron beams and lenses instead of light beams and optical lenses to image the fine structures of matter at very high magnification. Due to the fact that the wavelength of the electron beam is much smaller than that of visible light, even if the cone angle of the electron beam is only 1% of that of an optical microscope, the resolution of the electron microscope is still much better than that of an optical microscope. The maximum magnification of an optical microscope is about 2000 times, while modern electron microscopes have a maximum magnification of over 3 million times